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Alternative metal (also known as alt-metal or hard alternative) is a style of rock music that usually combines elements of heavy metal with influences from its parent-genre alternative rock,〔 and other genres not normally associated with metal.〔 Alternative metal bands are often characterized by heavy guitar riffs, melodic vocals, sometimes harsh vocals, unconventional sounds within other heavy metal genres, unconventional song structures and sometimes experimental approaches to heavy music. The term has been in usage since the 1980s, although it came into prominence in the 1990s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jesters-of-destiny-mn0000344125 )〕 It has spawned several subgenres, including rap metal〔 and funk metal, which have both influenced another prominent subgenre, nu metal, which expands the alternative metal sound, commonly adding influences from hip hop, groove metal,〔 grunge, and sometimes industrial metal. ==History== The origins of the genre can be traced back to funk rock music of the early to mid-1980s, when alternative bands like Fishbone, Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers started mixing heavy metal with funk, creating the alternative metal subgenre funk metal. Other early bands in the genre also came from hardcore punk backgrounds. Bands such as Faith No More, Jane's Addiction and Soundgarden are recognized as some of the earliest alternative metal acts, with all three of these bands emerging around the same time, and setting the template for the genre by mixing heavy metal music with a variety of different genres in the mid to late 80s.〔〔Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). ''Metal: The Definitive Guide''. London, England: Jawbone Press. p. 482. ISBN 1-906002-01-0.〕 During the 1980s, alternative metal appealed mainly to alternative rock fans, since virtually all 1980s alt-metal bands had their roots in the American independent rock scene.〔 The emergence of grunge as a popular style of rock music in the early 1990s helped make alternative metal more acceptable to a mainstream audience, with alternative metal soon becoming the most popular metal style of the 1990s.〔 Several bands associated with the genre denied their status as metal bands.〔〔Christe, Ian (2003). Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal. HarperCollins. Chapter 13 ''Transforming the 1990s: The Black Album & Beyond.〕 Helmet drummer John Stanier said "We fell into the whole metal thing by accident, we always hated it when people mentioned metal in conjunction with us.”〔 The alternative music festival Lollapalooza conceived by Jane's Addiction singer Perry Farrell, helped bands associated with the movement such as Tool, Rage Against the Machine, Primus, Nine Inch Nails, Soundgarden and Alice in Chains gain exposure.〔 The progressive rock-influenced band Tool became a leading band in the alternative metal genre with the release of their 1993 debut album ''Undertow''; Tool's popularity in the mid-'90s helped kick off an era of bands with alt-metal tendencies also classified in other genres like industrial (Nine Inch Nails) and rap rock (Rage Against the Machine).〔 Many established 1980s metal bands released albums in the 1990s that were described as alternative metal, including Metallica. In the mid-1990s, a second wave of alternative metal emerged. In this wave, an alternative metal genre called ''nu metal'' developed〔 and went on to become a very popular genre of music. Nu metal often relied more on thrash metal,〔 groove metal and hip hop〔 influences, as opposed to the influences of the first wave of alternative metal bands, with this style subsequently becoming more popular than standard alternative metal.〔〔〔 It resulted in a more standardized sound among alternative metal bands, in contrast to the more eccentric and unclassifiable early alternative metal bands.〔 During the late 1990s and early 2000s, nu metal was mainstream with bands such as P.O.D., Korn, Papa Roach and Linkin Park, and still having an underground scene pushing boundaries such as Karnivool, who has progressive and alternative rock elements to their nu-metal sound, and Deftones, who incorporated rap, pop, dream, and heavier styles. Joel McIver believes Tool to be important in the development of this genre and wrote in his book ''Unleashed: The Story of Tool'' "By 1996 and '97 the wave of alternative metal spearheaded by Tool in the wake of grunge was beginning to evolve into nu-metal." However, lead singer Maynard James Keenan was quick to separate himself from this movement saying "I'm sick of that whole attitude. The one that puts Tool in with () metal bands. The press... can't seem to distinguish between alternative and metal." Other alternative metal bands considered influential to the nu metal genre such as Helmet have also tried to distance themselves from the movement. Some bands associated with the nu metal movement such as System of a Down, Karnivool, and Deftones are still classed as alternative metal, due to being closer in sound to alternative rock.〔(Deftones To Headline Next Year's Taste of Chaos Tour ) blabbermouth.net. 2005-10-24. Retrieved on 2013-02-14.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「alternative metal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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